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Gallbladder Cancer
Symptoms and Treatment

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What are Gallstones?

Gallbladder cancer is a type of cancer that affects the gallbladder, a small organ located just below the liver. The gallbladder’s main function is to store and concentrate bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver.

The most common type of gallbladder cancer is adenocarcinoma, which starts in the glandular cells lining the inner surface of the gallbladder. Other types include squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and sarcoma.

Symptoms of Gallbladder Cancer

Many people with gallbladder cancer do not experience any symptoms in the early stages, making it difficult to detect. However, as the cancer grows larger or spreads to other parts of the body, symptoms may start to appear. These can include:

  • Abdominal pain: This is the most common symptom of gallbladder cancer and may be felt in the upper right side of the abdomen.
  • Jaundice: When the cancer blocks the bile ducts, it can cause jaundice, which is characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes.
  • Nausea and vomiting: As the cancer progresses, it can cause nausea and vomiting.
  • Unintended weight loss: If you are not trying to lose weight but notice a significant drop in your weight, it could be a sign of gallbladder cancer.
  • Fever: A fever that doesn't go away or keeps coming back may be a warning sign of gallbladder cancer.

What causes Gallbladder Cancer?

The exact cause of gallbladder cancer is not fully understood. However, several risk factors may increase a person’s chances of developing this type of cancer.

What are the risk factors of Gallbladder Cancer?

  • Age: Gallbladder cancer is more common in older adults, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 65.
  • Gender: Women are at a higher risk for gallbladder cancer compared to men.
  • Gallstones: People with a history of gallstones have a higher risk of developing gallbladder cancer.
  • Gallbladder polyps: These are small growths in the lining of the gallbladder that may increase the risk of developing cancer.
  • Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of developing many types of cancers, including gallbladder cancer.
  • Chronic inflammation: Conditions such as chronic gallbladder inflammation or infection have been linked to an increased risk of gallbladder cancer.
  • Smoking: Studies have shown a link between smoking and gallbladder cancer, with smokers being at a higher risk compared to non-smokers.

Diagnosis of Gallbladder Cancer

If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, it is important to see a doctor for further evaluation. Your doctor may perform several tests to diagnose gallbladder cancer, such as imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. They may also take a sample of tissue from your gallbladder for biopsy.

How is Gallbladder Cancer treated?

Treatment options for gallbladder cancer depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as your overall health. Surgery is the most common treatment for gallbladder cancer and may involve removing part or all of the gallbladder, surrounding tissues, and nearby lymph nodes.

A cholecystectomy (removal of Gallbladder) is typically performed by a general surgeon experienced in gallbladder surgeries. This procedure is also usually done laparoscopically. Additionally, this procedure is typically done to prevent the cancer from spreading to other parts of the body.

Surgery of the Gallbladder may also be accompanied by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These treatments may be used before or after surgery, or in combination with each other.

At KYM Surgery, our gallbladder surgeon can perform laparoscopic (keyhole) gallbladder surgery:

#1

Laparotomy (open surgery)

An incision is made on the abdomen to access the gallbladder.

#2

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (keyhole surgery)

Surgical instruments with a light attached to a camera are inserted into the body through small abdominal incisions to access the gallbladder.

Between the two, surgeons often prefer keyhole surgery. This is because it is less invasive and has minimal downtime and discomfort, as well as reduced risk of complications.

It is also important to take care of your overall health during and after treatment for gallbladder cancer. Eating a healthy diet, staying physically active, and managing any side effects from treatment can help you feel better and improve your overall well-being.

Stages of Gallbladder Cancer

Gallbladder cancer is staged based on how far the cancer has spread. The stages are as follows:

  • Stage 0: Cancer cells are found only in the innermost layer of the gallbladder.
  • Stage I: The cancer has grown through the innermost layer into deeper layers of the gallbladder.
  • Stage II: The cancer has spread to the nearby liver, bile ducts, or other surrounding tissues. But it has not spread to the lymph nodes or organs close by.
  • Stage III: The cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or organs such as the pancreas or small intestine.
  • Stage IV: The cancer has spread to distant organs such as the lungs or bones.

Prevention of Gallbladder Cancer

Unfortunately, there is no sure way to prevent gallbladder cancer. However, some lifestyle changes may help reduce your risk, such as:

  • maintaining a healthy weight,
  • eat more whole foods such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains and limit red meat, processed foods and sugary drinks
  • limiting alcohol consumption, and
  • avoiding smoking.

In addition, some studies have shown that long-term use of birth control pills may increase the risk of gallbladder cancer. It is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your doctor if you are considering using birth control pills.

In Conclusion

Gallbladder cancer is a rare but serious disease that can be difficult to detect in its early stages. Knowing the symptoms and risk factors, as well as seeking medical attention if you experience any concerning symptoms, can help with early detection and treatment. By taking care of your overall health and making lifestyle changes, you may also be able to reduce your risk of developing gallbladder cancer. Remember, it is always important to discuss any concerns or questions with your doctor for personalised recommendations and treatment options.  

So, be mindful of your health and seek medical advice if needed. Stay healthy and stay informed!

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Gallstones can lead to severe complications when not treated early. When in doubt, get it checked with a specialist like Dr Kan today!

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